Tuesday, 31 March 2026

The Borders We Share: The Sands of Unity Revisited (Bonus Post)

 

The Borders We Share: A New Way to Fix a Broken World

This bonus post is written as part of The Borders We Share series to reflect on the ongoing situation in the Middle East. It draws inspiration from the original “Sands of Unity” bonus post published in June 2025, which used allegory, dialogue among leaders and faith figures, and multidimensional shared-sovereignty ideas to explore Israel-Palestine, Iran, Lebanon, and broader regional tensions. The aim here is to update that framework with the latest developments as of March 2026—fragile Gaza ceasefire, Iranian protests and crackdowns, continued Lebanon strikes, stalled Phase 2 talks, and U.S. regional diplomacy—while reaffirming the series’ core vision: that borders and disputes can be transformed through egalitarian shared sovereignty, dialogue, and moral equality rather than zero-sum conquest. By revisiting the “sands” as a living metaphor, we seek not to predict outcomes but to hold space for possibilities grounded in justice, security, and human dignity for all who call this region home. In doing so, the post continues the series’ commitment to reimagining territorial conflicts not as inevitable tragedies but as opportunities for creative, equitable coexistence.

The desert air still shimmers, but the heat carries a different weight in early 2026. The sands of the Middle East have shifted again—some dunes stabilized by fragile ceasefires, others stirred by new storms of protest, airstrikes, and stalled diplomacy. In Gaza, the October 2025 ceasefire has largely held, allowing the return of most hostages and a partial Israeli withdrawal from parts of the territory. Yet Israel maintains control over more than half of Gaza, continues targeted operations against remaining Hamas infrastructure, and insists on security guarantees before any further pullback. Humanitarian conditions have improved slightly, with more aid entering through reopened crossings, but winter cold bites through makeshift tents, fuel shortages persist, and international organizations report that reconstruction remains painfully slow. Phase 2 of the U.S.-brokered plan—full demilitarization, governance reform under a technocratic Palestinian administration, and large-scale rebuilding—remains stuck, with Hamas refusing complete disarmament and Israel delaying major withdrawals until all provisions are verified by international monitors.

In Lebanon, Israeli strikes on Hezbollah targets and weapons caches continue despite the November 2024 ceasefire, while Beirut struggles with disarmament talks, economic collapse, and internal political deadlock. Iran faces nationwide protests sparked by currency collapse, fuel shortages, and economic strain, met with lethal crackdowns by security forces; external pressures mount as the U.S. and Israel weigh further action against its nuclear program and regional proxies. The broader region—Syria’s fragile transition after the fall of Assad, Yemen’s proxy rivalries, and Gulf dynamics—remains tense, with the Trump administration positioning itself as both guarantor and broker through initiatives like the “Board of Peace” and renewed normalization talks with Saudi Arabia.

These developments echo the original Sands of Unity post, where we gathered leaders and faith figures in a desert tent to debate self-defense, occupation, hostages, and genocide fears through multidimensional lenses—linear hierarchy versus nonlinear cycles of justice and healing. Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed invoked scripture to challenge division, calling for covenant renewal, new hearts, and cooperation. The council proposed shared zones, resource splits, hostage negotiations, and a “Desert Passport” for unified movement. Today, with the sands shifting once more, we return to that tent—not to rewrite history, but to listen again to the same voices amid new realities, asking what shared sovereignty might look like when ceasefires hold but trust remains fragile, when protests shake regimes but repression answers, and when reconstruction plans exist on paper but implementation stalls on the ground.

Imagine the tent once more, pitched where the dunes of Gaza meet the broader Middle Eastern expanse. The canvas flaps in the same desert wind, but the voices inside carry updated urgency and exhaustion.

Netanyahu sits with the weight of ongoing security concerns and domestic politics: “We have stopped the wholesale bombing, returned most hostages, and begun withdrawal. But Hamas remains in parts of Gaza, and threats from Hezbollah and Iran persist. Security is not negotiable when survival is at stake. We cannot allow October 7 to repeat. Every concession must be matched by verifiable disarmament and governance reform.”

A Palestinian voice—echoing Abbas or a Gazan mother—responds with quiet pain: “We have seen over 70,000 of our people killed since 2023. The ceasefire brought relief, but half our land remains under your control, aid is restricted, and winter bites through tents. We seek not revenge but dignity—a state where our children can live without fear of demolition or blockade. Occupation and settlement expansion steal our future. How can we trust when every step forward is met with new conditions?”

An Iranian dissident voice, representing the protests that erupted in late 2025 and continue into 2026, rises with urgency: “Our currency has collapsed, our streets fill with demonstrators demanding bread and freedom, and the regime answers with lethal force. External threats and sanctions tighten the noose, yet the people cry for change from within. We do not want war with Israel or the West—we want a future where our children are not pawns in regional games. The hardliners use your bombs as excuses to crush us at home.”

A Lebanese representative adds, tone heavy with exhaustion: “Hezbollah’s weapons remain a shadow over our sovereignty. Israeli strikes continue despite the ceasefire, while our economy collapses. Disarmament talks stall because trust is broken on all sides. We need a path where Lebanon is not a battlefield for others’ wars, where our people can rebuild without fear of the next explosion.”

The U.S. envoy, channeling Trump-era diplomacy, interjects with pragmatic firmness: “Phase 2 of the Gaza plan offers reconstruction—towers, data centers, resorts—if Hamas disarms and a technocratic government takes hold. The Board of Peace stands ready to supervise. But violations and delays test our patience. Regional normalization, including with Saudi Arabia, requires concrete steps toward security and coexistence. We are here to broker, not to dictate, but the window is narrowing.”

Moses steps forward, as he did in the original sands, his voice carrying the weight of exodus and covenant: “Remember the stranger in your midst. Do not oppress the widow, the orphan, the displaced. Justice without crushing the vulnerable—that is the command. The desert taught our ancestors that water shared sustains all; water hoarded dries the well for everyone.”

Jesus speaks softly, his words gentle yet piercing: “Blessed are the peacemakers. Turn the other cheek not in weakness but in strength that breaks cycles of retaliation. Love your neighbor as yourself—even when the neighbor’s pain mirrors your own. The kingdom is not built on walls but on tables where enemies become guests.”

Mohammed’s voice resonates with clarity and compassion: “Repel evil with what is better. Unity is strength; division invites destruction. The desert teaches us that water shared sustains all; water hoarded dries the well for everyone. Let us build bridges of trust where walls once stood, and let justice flow like a river that nourishes every bank.”

The council deepens. A Gazan mother describes winter tents and restricted aid: “We returned hostages in good faith. Now let the blockade lift fully, let reconstruction begin without preconditions that feel like surrender. My children deserve to grow up without the sound of drones overhead.” A settler voice from the West Bank counters: “Security is our daily prayer. Every rocket, every stone, every tunnel reminds us why we cannot risk another October 7. We want peace, but peace must include the right to live without fear in our ancestral homes.”

An Iranian protestor adds: “Our streets bleed not from Israeli bombs but from our own regime’s fear of change. Sanctions hurt the people more than the leaders—yet external threats give the hardliners excuses to crush us. We want bread, freedom, and dignity, not endless war.”

A Lebanese voice continues: “Hezbollah’s weapons remain a shadow over our sovereignty. Israeli strikes continue despite the ceasefire, while our economy collapses. Disarmament must be paired with Israeli withdrawal from southern outposts and respect for our sovereignty. We cannot be the battlefield for others’ wars.”

Holmes leans forward, ever the detective, eyes sharp: “The evidence is clear on all sides—hostages returned, yet control remains; protests suppressed, yet grievances fester; strikes continue, yet ceasefires hold by a thread. The pattern is one of mutual fear sustaining mutual harm. The solution lies not in victory but in verifiable, mutual steps: full Phase 2 implementation with international oversight, gradual disarmament tied to security guarantees, economic incentives for cooperation, and a genuine political horizon for Palestinian statehood alongside Israeli security.”

Watson notes the human cost with quiet sorrow: “Over 70,000 dead in Gaza since 2023, hundreds more in Lebanon and Iran’s streets, millions displaced or living in limbo. The numbers do not lie—war devours the innocent while leaders debate red lines. We must find a way where security and dignity are not enemies but partners.”

Arthur places Excalibur flat on the tent floor: “A round table is not weakness. It is the courage to see the other as human. Let every voice rest here, and let the desert judge what is just.”

The dialogue turns practical. Proposals echo the original Sands of Unity but updated for 2026 realities:

  • A strengthened “Board of Peace” with broader Arab and international participation to supervise Gaza reconstruction and Phase 2 disarmament/governance.
  • Cross-border economic zones along the Sinai and Lebanon borders, with revenue sharing for joint infrastructure and job creation.
  • A “Desert Passport” initiative for eased movement between Gaza, West Bank, Israel, and neighboring states, tied to security vetting and economic contribution.
  • Resource-sharing pacts for Nile, Jordan River, and shared aquifers, modeled on successful Latin American guarantor mechanisms.
  • Pilot shared heritage and environmental projects in the West Bank and Sinai to build trust through tangible cooperation.

Netanyahu, after listening: “Security guarantees must be ironclad. If Hamas disarms and a technocratic government emerges, we can discuss further withdrawals.”

A Palestinian leader responds: “Statehood and dignity are not bargaining chips. End settlement expansion, lift restrictions, and let us govern ourselves. Then trust can grow.”

An Iranian voice: “Lift sanctions that crush the people, not the regime. Allow internal reform without external pretexts for crackdown.”
A Lebanese voice: “Disarmament must be paired with Israeli withdrawal from southern outposts and respect for our sovereignty.”

The council does not end in full agreement—real wounds do not heal in one sitting. Yet seeds are planted: conditional steps, third-party monitoring, economic incentives, and faith-based calls for justice and mercy. The tent flaps in the wind, but the conversation continues.

As in the original Sands of Unity, the desert teaches us that water shared sustains all; water hoarded dries the well for everyone. In 2026, with ceasefires holding by threads, protests shaking regimes, and reconstruction plans stalled in Phase 2, the same multidimensional truth holds: linear hierarchies of power must yield to nonlinear cycles of healing. Shared sovereignty—equal participation, efficiency, equilibrium—offers not utopia but a practical path: verifiable disarmament tied to security guarantees, economic zones that benefit all, residency and movement rights that honor contribution, and joint courts that protect dignity.

The Middle East in early 2026 remains fragile—Gaza’s ceasefire tested by violations, Iran’s streets tense with protest and repression, Lebanon’s disarmament talks stalled, regional proxy rivalries simmering. Yet the sands of unity still shift. The series has always insisted that borders are stories we tell—and stories can be rewritten. Let this bonus post stand as invitation: not to ignore pain or security needs, but to imagine a Middle East where no child grows up behind a welded shutter, no mother carries a key to a house she cannot reach, no scholar measures stars while forgetting the earth below.

The desert waits. The tent remains open. The conversation continues.

I remain, as always,

Dr. Jorge

https://drjorge.world

• Sovereignty Conflicts (2017).

• Territorial Disputes (2020).

• Cosmopolitanism and State Sovereignty (2023). 

• Territorial Disputes in the Americas (2025).

NOTE: New posts every Tuesday.

The Borders We Share: The Sands of Unity: A Multidimensional Tale of the Middle East (Bonus Post)

Bonus Post: A Tapestry of Shared Horizons – Summing Up The Borders We Share (Sections 1–7)

Section 7 Recap: Deserts and Plains (Posts 37–42)


Section 8: Rivers and Flows (Posts 43–48)

43, Sherwood’s Stream, Nile’s Flow: Green to Blue

44, Laputa’s Falls, Mekong’s Rush: Sky to Stream

45, Utopia’s Banks, Indus’ Bend: Perfect Waters

46, Ruritania’s Tide, Danube’s Dance: Crowns of Current

47, Narnia’s Run, Euphrates’ End: Royal Rivers

48, Cimmeria’s Flood, Amur’s Edge: Dust Washes East

State Sovereignty: Concept and Conceptions (OPEN ACCESS) (IJSL 2024)

AMAZON

ROUTLEDGE, TAYLOR & FRANCIS

Tuesday 31st March 2026

Dr Jorge Emilio Núñez

X (formerly, Twitter): https://x.com/DrJorge_World

https://drjorge.world

Wednesday, 25 March 2026

Running 21km for Children & Community: Please Support Our Great Manchester Run!

 

Running 21km for Children & Community: Please Support Our Great Manchester Run!

 

Dear friends, family and colleagues,

I’m excited to share some big news: On Sunday, 31 May 2026, my friend Jose Antonio (from Equatorial Guinea) and I, Jorge (from Argentina), will be taking on the AJ Bell Great Manchester Run Half Marathon — that's the full 21.1 km through the vibrant streets of Manchester!




We’re both incredibly motivated and training hard because every step we take will support three very meaningful charities. All funds we raise will be split equally among them, going directly to help:

  1. Fundação Angelica Goulart (Brazil) — Providing education, care, and opportunities to children and teenagers living in situations of social vulnerability in Pedra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro.
    https://www.fundacaoangelicagoulart.org.br/




  1. Manchester Deaf Centre (UK) — A welcoming hub right in Manchester where Deaf and hard-of-hearing people connect through social events, BSL classes, wellbeing groups, a Sign Language Choir, Job Club, Youth Group, and much more.
    https://www.manchesterdeafcentre.com/



  1. SOS Children’s Villages, Aldeas Infantiles in Spanish (Spain) — Working tirelessly to protect and improve the lives of children and young people without parental care or at serious risk of losing it, giving them a safe home and a brighter future.
    https://www.sos-childrensvillages.org/where-we-help/europe/spain

This run is more than a personal challenge — it's our way of bringing together people from different continents to create real, positive change for vulnerable children, youth, and communities.

If you’d like to support us (every donation, big or small, makes a difference!):

Your encouragement and generosity would mean the world to us — and even more to the children and people these organisations help every day.

Thank you from the bottom of our hearts for any support you can give. We’ll keep you updated on our training journey!

With gratitude and best wishes,

Jorge (Argentina) and Jose Antonio (Equatorial Guinea)

https://drjorge.world/


Tuesday, 10 March 2026

The Borders We Share: Bonus Post: A Tapestry of Shared Horizons – Summing Up Sections 1–7

 

The Borders We Share: A New Way to Fix a Broken World

The wind today is gentle, carrying the memory of every frontier we have walked together.

When I began The Borders We Share in early 2025, the aim was simple yet ambitious: to reimagine over 200 real-world territorial disputes—places where history, power, and people collide—through the lens of fiction, myth, and egalitarian shared sovereignty. The series asks a single, persistent question: what if we stopped treating borders as lines that divide and began to see them as threads that can be rewoven? What if the stories we tell about land—whether drawn from Jonathan Swift, C.S. Lewis, Robert E. Howard, L. Frank Baum, or Samuel Butler—could illuminate paths toward justice in Crimea, the South China Sea, the Amazon, Western Sahara, the Golan Heights, Kashmir, the Falklands/Malvinas, the Indus, the Nile, and countless other contested places?

Over seven sections and more than forty posts, we have travelled from the foundational multiverse of early tales to the arid heart of deserts and plains. Along the way, Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Watson, King Arthur, Robin Hood, Conan, the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, Talking Beasts, and many others have walked beside real voices—Sahrawi refugees, Kazakh herders, Bedouin elders, Dinka cattlemen, Arrernte song-keepers, Warlpiri women, Indigenous custodians, and countless others. Each pairing has served as a mirror: fiction reflecting reality, reality refracting fiction, until the boundary between the two becomes as porous as wind-blown sand.

The series is built on four scholarly anchors:

  • Sovereignty Conflicts (2017) – the triadic framework of claimant A, claimant B, and populated territory C, where C is too often treated as scenery.
  • Territorial Disputes (2020) – the sociological fractures, prestige payoffs, and multilayered realities that keep disputes alive.
  • Cosmopolitanism and State Sovereignty (2023) – the moral demand that no resident be treated as a means only.
  • Territorial Disputes in the Americas (2025) – the practical success of guarantor-led zones and shared-sovereignty mechanisms that have achieved high durability in the Americas.

These works are not mere background; they are the quiet heartbeat of every council, every accord, every proposal to share rather than seize.

Section 1: Foundations of the Multiverse (Posts 1–6)

We began with the building blocks: how fiction and reality can speak to each other across time. Early posts introduced the series’ method—pairing iconic fictional territories with contemporary disputes—and laid out the core vision of egalitarian shared sovereignty. From Tintin’s Khemed echoing Crimea’s annexation to early entanglements of myth and map, Section 1 established that borders are not only lines on paper but stories we tell about belonging, exclusion, and possibility. The aim was already clear: reframe disputes not as zero-sum contests but as opportunities for creative, equitable coexistence.

Section 2: Oil and Dust Disputes (Posts 7–12)

The journey moved into the gritty terrain of resource extraction. Oil fields, dust storms, and the curse of black gold became central motifs. Posts paired fictional oil-soaked lands with real disputes over hydrocarbons and minerals. The accords here began to take shape: revenue sharing, local consultation, environmental safeguards, and residency pathways that recognize contribution over conquest. Section 2 showed how wealth beneath the ground can either poison relations or—through transparent, inclusive mechanisms—become a shared foundation.

Section 3: Tides of Claim – Six Tales of Islands and Ambition (Posts 13–18)

Islands and ambition formed the heart of Section 3. We explored insular disputes—places where land is surrounded by sea, and sovereignty is measured in square kilometres of rock and reef. Fictional islands mirrored real archipelagos and atolls. The section deepened the series’ focus on the human cost of isolation: displaced families, lost livelihoods, militarized reefs. Councils emphasized joint management, demilitarization zones, and cultural preservation—ideas drawn from successful island-sharing precedents.

Section 4: Forests and Lands (Posts 19–24)

Forests and lands brought us into lush, contested green. We paired mythic woodlands with real tropical and temperate forests under pressure from logging, agriculture, and Indigenous dispossession. The accords here focused on ecological corridors, Indigenous guardianship, and revenue sharing from sustainable use. Section 4 highlighted how forests are not just timber but living libraries of memory and biodiversity, and how their fate is tied to the rights of those who have tended them for generations.

Section 5: Mountains and Heights (Posts 25–30)

Mountains and heights lifted us to the vertical. We climbed contested peaks, border ridges, and high plateaus. Fictional summits met real ranges where altitude becomes a strategic asset. Councils proposed shared mountaineering zones, transboundary conservation, and residency pathways for high-altitude communities. Section 5 showed how the thin air of high places can either separate people or—through joint stewardship—remind them of their common vulnerability to weather, climate, and gravity.

Section 6: Cities and Rocks (Posts 31–36)

Cities and rocks brought us into the built environment. We walked contested urban stones—from Jerusalem’s walls to Berlin’s ghosts, from Dubai’s towers to Hebron’s welded shutters. The accords here emphasized shared municipal governance, heritage protection, residency rights, and naming of workers who built the skylines. Section 6 revealed how cities, like deserts, can exclude as much as they include, and how shared sovereignty can turn concrete barriers into bridges.

Section 7: Deserts and Plains (Posts 37–42)

Deserts and plains formed the arid heart of the series so far. We traversed Laputa’s Waste and the Sahara, Cimmeria’s flats and the Eurasian steppe, Erewhon’s plateau and Sinai, Narnia’s southern desert and Sudan–South Sudan wastes, Oz’s meadows and the Australian Outback, and returned to the now-entangled dunes of Laputa and the Sahara. Councils proposed shared commissions, aquifer recharge, soil regeneration, residency pathways, and transparency rules. Section 7 showed that even in the harshest places, where life is measured in drops of water and blades of grass, shared stewardship can create sufficiency from scarcity.

The Borders We Share is not about erasing borders; it is about reimagining them. The series asks: what if we treated every contested place—whether mythic island, sacred mountain, oil-rich desert, or urban stone—as a shared home rather than a prize? What if sovereignty were not a zero-sum game but a tapestry woven from equal voices, traditional knowledge, ecological care, and transparent justice?

Over seven sections we have seen that disputes are not inevitable. They are choices—choices about who counts, who speaks, who benefits, who remembers. The accords proposed so far—joint commissions, residency pathways, ecological corridors, veto rights, transparent naming—offer a different choice: one where no one is scenery, no one is ballast, and no one is erased.

The journey is not finished. Section 8: Rivers and Flows (Posts 43–48) begin soon. We will follow water—life’s most intimate border—through Sherwood’s streams and the Nile, Laputa’s falls and the Mekong, Utopia’s banks and the Indus, Ruritania’s tides and the Danube, Narnia’s run and the Euphrates, and Cimmeria’s flood and the Amur. Rivers do not respect lines drawn on maps; they carve new paths, carry memory, sustain life. They remind us that borders are not fixed—they flow, they bend, they can be shared.Until then, the ground beneath us is still listening.

I remain, as always,

Dr. Jorge

https://drjorge.world

Trails to Wander:

• Sovereignty Conflicts (2017).

• Territorial Disputes (2020).

• Cosmopolitanism and State Sovereignty (2023). 

• Territorial Disputes in the Americas (2025).

New posts every Tuesday. Next post will be available on Tuesday 31st March 2026.

Section 7 Recap: Deserts and Plains (Posts 37–42)


Section 8: Rivers and Flows (Posts 43–48)

43, Sherwood’s Stream, Nile’s Flow: Green to Blue

44, Laputa’s Falls, Mekong’s Rush: Sky to Stream

45, Utopia’s Banks, Indus’ Bend: Perfect Waters

46, Ruritania’s Tide, Danube’s Dance: Crowns of Current

47, Narnia’s Run, Euphrates’ End: Royal Rivers

48, Cimmeria’s Flood, Amur’s Edge: Dust Washes East

State Sovereignty: Concept and Conceptions (OPEN ACCESS) (IJSL 2024)

AMAZON

ROUTLEDGE, TAYLOR & FRANCIS

Tuesday 10th March 2026

Dr Jorge Emilio Núñez

X (formerly, Twitter): https://x.com/DrJorge_World

https://drjorge.world

Monday, 2 March 2026

2026 Events: Workshops, Congress Sessions & Book Presentations

 

Content

a) 20 March 2026, Madrid, Spain

b) 14 May 2026, Makati City, Philippines

c) 18 June 2026, Paris, France

d) 28 June – 3 July 2026, Istanbul, Turkey

e)13-14 July 2026, Athens, Greece

1. Upcoming events




Expert talk at the PROTECT Conference: Doing Business Amidst  New Threats

Agenda: https://drive.google.com/file/d/11uXx-AAeLpbNA-0XtHIW5ku_2otupxOP/view

My Session: Territorial Disputes: Geopolitical Tensions, Global Volatility, and Business
Positioning
This session examines the rise in territorial conflicts and the forces shaping modern economies. We will discuss how policy choices and market forces influence the global landscape, as well as the strategic implications for national policies, enterprise systems, and the development of physical assets. Additionally, discussions will cover market policies regarding homeland sufficiency and maintaining comparative advantages in forest, agricultural, marine, and mineral resources. Finally, we will address the shift from cyclical to structural volatility and how businesses can build resilience across finance, operations, and strategy.


Link: https://ivr2026istanbul.org/special-workshop/sw06-multidimensionality-intersectionality-and-internormativity-jorge-e-nunez-gabriel-encinas/

Link: https://ivr2026istanbul.org/special-workshop/sw07-gods-sovereignty-territorial-disputes-and-multidimensionality-jorge-e-nunez/



Workshop Overview

This 2-day intensive workshop offers a unique opportunity to explore the legal and political dimensions of territorial disputes and sovereignty conflicts in the 21st century. Participants will engage with real-world case studies—from the Arctic to the South China Sea—and develop a nuanced understanding of international law, dispute resolution mechanisms, and geopolitical dynamics.

The workshop will be held onsite in Athens, one of the world’s most historic and accessible cities, and will be followed by two online Q&A sessions to deepen learning and maintain global engagement.

Further details:

https://drjorge.world/2025/10/30/introduction-to-territorial-disputes-and-sovereignty-conflicts-international-law-and-politics-athens-july-2026/

2. Latest Monograph: Territorial Disputes in the Americas



Your Guide to Law, Geopolitics, and More

Want to master the law and geopolitics of territorial disputes? Curious about why leaders like Obama, Trump, Maduro, and Milei act as they do? Eager to explore what’s at stake in Greenland, the Amazon, the Mexico–United States border, Antarctica, or indigenous peoples’ struggles? Territorial Disputes in the Americas, launching August 20, 2025, is your book (pre-sales via Amazon and Routledge now)! This groundbreaking work uses a multidimensional approach to decode the complex conflicts shaping our continent. Join me for a 10-week journey, with weekly posts diving into each chapter, starting next week with Chapter 1’s bold vision. Let’s spark a global conversation about sovereignty and conflict!

Territorial disputes—from the Falkland/Malvinas Islands to San Andrés—are more pressing than ever, mirroring global crises like Russia-Ukraine. Yet, traditional analyses often rely on unidimensional lenses, prioritizing law or politics while ignoring emotions, nationalism, or indigenous voices. Territorial Disputes in the Americas challenges this, introducing a multidimensional framework that captures disputes’ full complexity. Chapter 1 critiques biases in legal and political sciences, unveiling the pluralism of pluralisms—a concept embracing diverse agents, contexts, and dimensions. This book unlocks the motivations behind leaders like Maduro’s defiance or Trump’s border rhetoric, and issues from Greenland’s strategic disputes to indigenous rights in the Amazon.

The book spans three parts and 10 chapters, applying the multidimensional approach to territorial disputes:

Part 1: Conceptual Foundations

 Chapter 1: Introduction – Defines sovereignty, territorial disputes, and pluralism of pluralisms, advocating a multidimensional approach.

Chapter 2: Sovereignty and Territorial Disputes– Explores sovereignty (factual, normative, axiological), dispute claims, and regional peacebuilding mechanisms.

Chapter 3: Pluralism of Pluralisms and the Multidimensional Approach– Details disputes’ multi-subjective, multi-contextual nature, with linear and nonlinear dimensions.

Part 2: Case Studies in the Americas

 Chapter 4: Common Roots to Territorial Disputes in the Americas– Traces disputes from pre-Columbian to post-independence eras, highlighting colonial legacies.

Chapter 5: Ongoing European Influence in the Americas– Analyzes cases like the Falkland/Malvinas, San Andrés, Hans Island, and Marouini River disputes.

Chapter 6: Neo-colonialism and Colonial Mindset – Examines influence from the US, Russia, China, and India in regional conflicts.

Chapter 7: Americans versus Americans– Covers intra-regional disputes (e.g., Guatemala-Belize, Venezuela-Guyana), including border and resource conflicts.

Chapter 8: Indigenous Rights and Implanted Populations – Explores indigenous claims versus settler colonialism, focusing on self-determination.

Part 3: Synthesis and Future Directions

Chapter 9: Territorial Claims over Antarctica– Applies the multidimensional approach to Antarctica’s claims, involving Latin America and global powers, and provides policy guidelines to protect humanity’s interests.

Chapter 10: Conclusive Remarks, Limitations, and Future Implications– Offers research and policy guidelines for broader applications.

This book redefines territorial disputes by integrating diverse agents (individuals, communities, states), contexts (domestic, regional, international), and factors (legal, political, emotional). It explains, for example why leaders like may fuel national pride or navigate diplomacy cautiously and may choose to perpetuate differences rather than solving them. From Greenland’s geopolitical tensions to indigenous struggles in the Amazon, it tackles multifaceted issues. Objectives include identifying common theoretical elements, evaluating peacebuilding practices (e.g., the 1998 Brasilia Peace Agreement), and proposing guidelines for future research and policy.

Building on my work (Núñez 2017, 2020, 2023), the book uses a modified realist model and case studies. The realist model examines domestic and international variables, while case studies test hypotheses against disputes like the Mexico–United States border or Antarctica’s claims. This dual approach ensures robust, empirically grounded insights.

Sovereignty is dynamic, encompassing factual (de facto), normative (de jure), and axiological (value-based) dimensions. Territorial disputes, narrowly state conflicts over land or water, are broadened to include indigenous and settler claims. For instance, the Falklands/Malvinas reflects Argentina’s identity and Britain’s prestige, while Greenland’s disputes (via Hans Island) involve strategic interests. This book redefines these concepts to decode leaders’ actions, from Trump’s border policies to Maduro’s territorial posturing.

Disputes are multi-subjective (individuals, communities, states), multi-contextual (local, regional, international), and multi-faceted (rational, empirical, axiological). The *pluralism of pluralisms* embraces diverse agents, roles, and dimensions (linear like time, nonlinear like chaotic interactions). For example, the San Andrés dispute involves legal claims, Raizal identity, and Colombia’s strategy. The multidimensional approach integrates these, rejecting unidimensional analyses to illuminate conflicts like those over the Amazon or Antarctica.

The book examines disputes involving sovereign states (e.g., Falklands/Malvinas, Venezuela-Guyana) and broader issues like indigenous rights and Antarctica’s claims. Cases like the Mexico–United States border highlight migratory tensions, while Greenland’s disputes reflect global interests. These examples showcase colonial legacies, neo-colonial influences, and peacebuilding strategies, such as regional guarantors in the Ecuador-Peru resolution.

Territorial Disputes in the Americas is your essential guide to the law, geopolitics, and human stories behind our continent’s conflicts. Whether you’re intrigued by Obama’s diplomacy, Milei’s rhetoric, indigenous rights, or disputes in Greenland, the Amazon, or Antarctica, this book delivers fresh insights. Starting next week, I’ll share weekly posts exploring each chapter, beginning with Chapter 1’s call to rethink sovereignty. Follow along, share your thoughts, and join the conversation! Pre-order details below!

State Sovereignty: Concept and Conceptions (OPEN ACCESS) (IJSL 2024)

AMAZON

ROUTLEDGE, TAYLOR & FRANCIS

Monday 2nd March 2026

Dr Jorge Emilio Núñez

X (formerly, Twitter): https://x.com/DrJorge_World

https://drjorge.world