Soy argentino? Soy americano? Soy latinoamericano? Soy los tres!
Por qué el argentino tiene vergüenza de ser latinoamericano? Es el argentino más que un peruano o mexicano? Tiene algún gen mejor?
Ni lo uno ni lo otro.
Gabriel García Márquez me mostró Macondo; Isabel Allende me hizo sentir a Paula; Shakira y las caderas; Bioy y Morel con sus fotogramas; Chespirito y sus sonrisas; el Machu Pichu y sus misterios; la salsa y el merengue; el tango y el candombe; Ricky Martin y Gardel; Borges, Neruda, Vargas Llosa, Benedetti y Alfonsina; Maradona, Pelé, Sena y Woods; Susana y Ophra; Xuxa, Odisea Burbujas, Disney y la magia; Quinquela y Warhol; Verónica, Thalia, Andrea y Luisa; JFK, Evita y Luther King; Pancho Villa, el Ché Guevara y Fidel Castro; Cantinflas, San Martín y Bolívar; Frida Khalo y tantos más…
Soy argentino, sí; pero orgulloso de la tierra americana. Feliz día a las tres Américas; feliz día América; o como decía la Reina, FELIZ DIA AMERICA TOTAL...
Llevo en mi el sueño
De ver caer el sol
Y no hallar durmiendo en las veredas
Niños sin amor,
Que todo el pueblo americano
Desea ver el fin
De este miedo de ser hermanos
Pues solamente así...
Toda América
Será América
América total
Una América
Más América
Que norte, sur, central
Mi América, nuestra América
América integral
Oh América!
Se América
De todos por igual
América total!
El águila y el cóndor
Renuncien a ser dos
Con sus alas cubrirán
Todo alrededor
No precisa nadie fronteras
Para ser mas feliz
Y esta tierra de mil maneras
Comparte la raíz
En fin pasan los años
Mas nunca pasará
Este sueño americano
De ser una unidad
Donde el miedo, el frío, el hambre
Y el vicio tendrán fin
Esta América de tantos nombres
Es una sola en mi
El día que esto vaya a suceder
Sabrás que es por mi,
Por ti, por tu fe
Y entonces gritarás, yo gritaré
Con esto soñé! Con esto soñé!
Monday, 18 October 2010
Monday, 27 September 2010
Eat, pray, love. Live
There are impossible things that sometimes you achieve without knowing how…
The miracle of having someone next to us is just that, a miracle.
How many people do we know that stay all their life next to someone without really knowing him/her? Social conventions, the fact that we get used to someone like we get used to an object, the loneliness within most people fear of, in short, the solitude.
Isn’t it more precarious to be with someone and not to be able to speak the true words? I went yesterday to see Eat, Pray and Love, the latest of Julia Roberts’ film. It’s not an iconic one, accepted; however, for those who don’t mind taking a step aside of the vulgarity and tediousness social pre-conceptions tie us, it will have sense.
We’re all in a journey most of us call life: it starts alone; it ends alone. In the meantime it seems we need to get someone to get hold of, to fasten ourselves to his/her belt and not let them go.
When children, we all dreamt of flying. What do we do with our wings when we grow up? Do we loose strength? Do our strengths change into weakness? Why do we seek for someone to complete us? And the happily ever after?
We can’t complete anyone if we’re not complete ourselves first. Do we need a trip to Bali to have the balance? Go to Bali, but enjoy the view and its people, the smells and fragrances, the beauty of being simple. The more you seek for balance, the less you’ll find it. Life is to be lived (mistakes included). Him/her who doesn’t dare to challenge destiny or faith in any way deserves to be called mediocre. And I don’t imply mediocre has a negative aura. It only has a neutral one.
Life is to be lived in full colours, high definition if possible. Black and white images are smart, look neat and go well in a still frame. I don’t want that. Do you? Try something spicy, try something different, try something risky, try something others say it’s stupid, be childish, let you be yourself; be unpredictable not to others, but to yourself.
What are you going to wait for? Your next life? Your next journey? Unfortunately, theories and religions apart, I have only one life that almost lost when I was a child. Since then and till now I live. I do make mistakes, sure; it may hurt, absolutely… so? I’m alive, are you?
Have the highest dreams you can possibly have, dare to dream and create a vision; risk and go for the vision. Scared? Obviously, you’re human, you may fail. So? Fail one and twenty times. Your life will be rich in experiences. After all, those are the things you’ll remember. As Garcia Marquez said, “vivir para contarla” so live and tell your story. If no-one listen, who cares, it’s your only and unique story and you’re the main character, executive producer, writer and director. You decide when, who, how, what; you stop and start; you choose.
Seek for love, seek for adventure, seek for passion, seek for taste, seek for simplicity. Don’t harm anyone, that’s the only limit. If it does happen, ask for an apology, we all can be wrong. Don’t be stubborn but be confident, don’t be excessively proud but don’t let others walk over you.
Eat plenty, tasty and big; pray for those who love and care for you; love till it hurts. Live to enjoy so much living you may choose to live again.
The miracle of having someone next to us is just that, a miracle.
How many people do we know that stay all their life next to someone without really knowing him/her? Social conventions, the fact that we get used to someone like we get used to an object, the loneliness within most people fear of, in short, the solitude.
Isn’t it more precarious to be with someone and not to be able to speak the true words? I went yesterday to see Eat, Pray and Love, the latest of Julia Roberts’ film. It’s not an iconic one, accepted; however, for those who don’t mind taking a step aside of the vulgarity and tediousness social pre-conceptions tie us, it will have sense.
We’re all in a journey most of us call life: it starts alone; it ends alone. In the meantime it seems we need to get someone to get hold of, to fasten ourselves to his/her belt and not let them go.
When children, we all dreamt of flying. What do we do with our wings when we grow up? Do we loose strength? Do our strengths change into weakness? Why do we seek for someone to complete us? And the happily ever after?
We can’t complete anyone if we’re not complete ourselves first. Do we need a trip to Bali to have the balance? Go to Bali, but enjoy the view and its people, the smells and fragrances, the beauty of being simple. The more you seek for balance, the less you’ll find it. Life is to be lived (mistakes included). Him/her who doesn’t dare to challenge destiny or faith in any way deserves to be called mediocre. And I don’t imply mediocre has a negative aura. It only has a neutral one.
Life is to be lived in full colours, high definition if possible. Black and white images are smart, look neat and go well in a still frame. I don’t want that. Do you? Try something spicy, try something different, try something risky, try something others say it’s stupid, be childish, let you be yourself; be unpredictable not to others, but to yourself.
What are you going to wait for? Your next life? Your next journey? Unfortunately, theories and religions apart, I have only one life that almost lost when I was a child. Since then and till now I live. I do make mistakes, sure; it may hurt, absolutely… so? I’m alive, are you?
Have the highest dreams you can possibly have, dare to dream and create a vision; risk and go for the vision. Scared? Obviously, you’re human, you may fail. So? Fail one and twenty times. Your life will be rich in experiences. After all, those are the things you’ll remember. As Garcia Marquez said, “vivir para contarla” so live and tell your story. If no-one listen, who cares, it’s your only and unique story and you’re the main character, executive producer, writer and director. You decide when, who, how, what; you stop and start; you choose.
Seek for love, seek for adventure, seek for passion, seek for taste, seek for simplicity. Don’t harm anyone, that’s the only limit. If it does happen, ask for an apology, we all can be wrong. Don’t be stubborn but be confident, don’t be excessively proud but don’t let others walk over you.
Eat plenty, tasty and big; pray for those who love and care for you; love till it hurts. Live to enjoy so much living you may choose to live again.
Monday, 13 September 2010
Manchester Posgraduate Research Conference 2010
The University of Manchester
School of Law
POSTGRADUATE RESEARCH CONFERENCE 2010
Alan Turing Building, Friday 17 September 2010
ABSTRACTS
SESSION 2: 11.30am – 1.00pm
Panel: Issues of national sovereignty
Jorge Nunez
Shared sovereignty: Falklands
From Chaucer women’s sovereignty through Bodin’s modern notion and to Nietzsche’s sovereign individual, the word sovereignty has had several meanings. In this investigation I aim to examine only one of them: State sovereignty. The paradigm I propose, although using the same elements from classical notions, twists their reciprocal relation. Many names or labels can be given to the model I intend to accomplish: bi-polar, shared, dual, double sovereignty. It is a necessary requirement then for the proposed model to have at least two sovereign States that somehow have (or intend to have) at the same time the same legal prerogatives over the same population and territory. We are used to seeing and accepting as a fact that in one territory there is one population governed by a single ultimate authority with a common legal bond or system of norms. What would it happen if that same territory and population had two ultimate and equal (legally speaking) sovereigns and two valid set of norms? There are several actual examples within the real context that show this is both a theoretical and a practical dilemma. Would it be possible, for example, that Israel and Palestine had sovereign authority at the same time over Jerusalem? Would it be plausible that Argentina and the United Kingdom could be at one time sovereign over the territory and population of the Falkland/Malvinas islands? If the answer were positive, what would be the consequences in terms of territory, population and law?
School of Law
POSTGRADUATE RESEARCH CONFERENCE 2010
Alan Turing Building, Friday 17 September 2010
ABSTRACTS
SESSION 2: 11.30am – 1.00pm
Panel: Issues of national sovereignty
Jorge Nunez
Shared sovereignty: Falklands
From Chaucer women’s sovereignty through Bodin’s modern notion and to Nietzsche’s sovereign individual, the word sovereignty has had several meanings. In this investigation I aim to examine only one of them: State sovereignty. The paradigm I propose, although using the same elements from classical notions, twists their reciprocal relation. Many names or labels can be given to the model I intend to accomplish: bi-polar, shared, dual, double sovereignty. It is a necessary requirement then for the proposed model to have at least two sovereign States that somehow have (or intend to have) at the same time the same legal prerogatives over the same population and territory. We are used to seeing and accepting as a fact that in one territory there is one population governed by a single ultimate authority with a common legal bond or system of norms. What would it happen if that same territory and population had two ultimate and equal (legally speaking) sovereigns and two valid set of norms? There are several actual examples within the real context that show this is both a theoretical and a practical dilemma. Would it be possible, for example, that Israel and Palestine had sovereign authority at the same time over Jerusalem? Would it be plausible that Argentina and the United Kingdom could be at one time sovereign over the territory and population of the Falkland/Malvinas islands? If the answer were positive, what would be the consequences in terms of territory, population and law?
Thursday, 8 July 2010
Thursday, 1 July 2010
Tuesday, 29 June 2010
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry 110 años/years
El Principito (y mi capítulo preferido)
The Little Prince (and my favourite chapter)
Capítulo 21
Entonces apareció el zorro:
-¡Buenos días! -dijo el zorro.
-¡Buenos días! -respondió cortésmente el principito que se
volvió pero no vío nada.
-Estoy aquí, bajo el manzano -díjo la voz.
-¿Quién eres tú? -preguntó el principito-. ¡Qué bonito eres!
-Soy un zorro -dijo el zorro.
-Ven a jugar conmigo -le propuso el principito-, ¡estoy tan triste!
-No puedo jugar contigo -dijo el zorro-, no estoy domesticado.
-¡Ah, perdón! -dijo el principito.
Pero después de una breve reflexión, añadió:
-¿Qué significa "domesticar"?
-Tú no eres de aquí -dijo el zorro- ¿qué buscas?
-Busco a los hombres -le respondió el principito-. ¿Qué significa "domesticar"?
-Los hombres -dijo el zorro- tienen escopetas y cazan. ¡Es muy molesto! Pero también crían gallinas. Es lo único
que les interesa. ¿Tú buscas gallinas?
-No -díjo el principito-. Busco amigos. ¿Qué significa "domesticar"? -volvió a preguntar el principito.
-Es una cosa ya olvidada -dijo el zorro-, significa "crear vínculos... "
-¿Crear vínculos?
-Efectivamente, verás -dijo el zorro-. Tú no eres para mí todavía más que un muchachito igual a otros cien mil
muchachitos y no te necesito para nada. Tampoco tú tienes necesidad de mí y no soy para ti más que un zorro
entre otros cien mil zorros semejantes. Pero si tú me domesticas, entonces tendremos necesidad el uno del
otro. Tú serás para mí único en el mundo, yo seré para ti único en el mundo...
-Comienzo a comprender -dijo el principito-. Hay una flor... creo que ella me ha domesticado...
-Es posible -concedió el zorro-, en la Tierra se ven todo tipo de cosas.
-¡Oh, no es en la Tierra! -exclamó el principito.
El zorro pareció intrigado:
-¿En otro planeta?
-Sí.
-¿Hay cazadores en ese planeta?
-No.
-¡Qué interesante! ¿Y gallinas?
-No.
-Nada es perfecto -suspiró el zorro.
Y después volviendo a su idea:
-Mi vida es muy monótona. Cazo gallinas y los hombres me cazan a mí. Todas las gallinas se parecen y todos
los hombres son iguales; por consiguiente me aburro un poco. Si tú me domesticas, mi vida estará llena de sól.
Conoceré el rumor de unos pasos diferentes a todos los demás. Los otros pasos me hacen esconder bajo la
tierra; los tuyos me llamarán fuera de la madriguera como una música. Y además, ¡mira! ¿Ves allá abajo los
campos de trigo? Yo no como pan y por lo tanto el trigo es para mí algo inútil. Los campos de trigo no me
recuerdan nada y eso me pone triste. ¡Pero tú tienes los cabellos dorados y será algo maravilloso cuando me
domestiques! El trigo, que es dorado también, será un recuerdo de ti. Y amaré el ruido del viento en el trigo.
El zorro se calló y miró un buen rato al principito:
-Por favor... domestícame -le dijo.
-Bien quisiera -le respondió el principito pero no tengo mucho tiempo. He de buscar amigos y conocer muchas
cosas.
-Sólo se conocen bien las cosas que se domestican -dijo el zorro-. Los hombres ya no fienen tiempo de conocer
nada. Lo compran todo hecho en las tiendas. Y como no hay tiendas donde vendan amigos, Ios hombres no
tienen ya amigos. ¡Si quieres un amigo, domestícame!
-¿Qué debo hacer? -preguntó el príncipito.
-Debes tener mucha paciencia -respondió el zorro-. Te sentarás al principio ún poco lejos de mí, así, en el suelo;
yo te miraré con el rabillo del ojo y tú no me dirás nada. El lenguaje es fuente de malos entendidos. Pero cada
día podrás sentarte un poco más cerca...
El principito volvió al día siguiente.
-Hubiera sido mejor -dijo el zorro- que vinieras a la misma hora. Si
vienes, por ejempló, a las cuatro de la tarde; desde las tres yo
empezaría a ser dichoso. Cuanto más avance la hora, más feliz
me sentiré. A las cuatro me sentiré agitado e inquieto, descubriré
así lo que vale la feliçidad. Pero si tú vienes a cualquier hora,
nunça sabré cuándo preparar mi corazón... Los ritos son
necesarios.
-¿Qué es un rito? -inquirió el principito.
-Es también algo demasiado olvidado -dijo el zorro-. Es lo que
hace que un día no se parezca a otro día y que una hora sea
diferente a otra.
Entre los cazadores, por ejemplo, hay un rito. Los jueves bailan con las muchachas del pueblo. Los jueves
entonces son días maravillosos en los que puedo ir de paseo hasta la viña. Si los cazadores no bailaran en día
fijo, todos los días se parecerían y yo no tendría vacaciones.
De esta manera el principito domesticó al zorro. Y cuando se fue acercando eI día de la partida:
-¡Ah! -dijo el zorro-, lloraré.
-Tuya es la culpa -le dijo el principito-, yo no quería hacerte daño, pero tú has querido que te domestique...
-Ciertamente -dijo el zorro.
- Y vas a llorar!, -dijo él principito.
-¡Seguro!
-No ganas nada.
-Gano -dijo el zoro- he ganado a causa del color del trigo.
Y luego añadió:
-Vete a ver las rosas; comprenderás que la tuya es única en el mundo. Volverás a decirme adiós y yo te regalaré
un secreto.
El principito se fue a ver las rosas a las que dijo:
-No son nada, ni en nada se parecen a mi rosa. Nadie las ha domesticado ni ustedes han domesticado a nadie.
Son como el zorro era antes, que en nada se diferenciaba de otros cien mil zorros. Pero yo le hice mi amigo y
ahora es único en el mundo.
Las rosas se sentían molestas oyendo al principito, que continuó diciéndoles:
-Son muy bellas, pero están vacías y nadie daría la vida por ustedes. Cualquiera que las vea podrá creer
indudablemente que mí rosa es igual que cualquiera de ustedes. Pero ella se sabe más importante que todas,
porque yo la he regado, porque ha sido a ella a la que abrigué con el fanal, porque yo le maté los gusanos (salvo
dos o tres que se hicieron mariposas ) y es a ella a la que yo he oído quejarse, alabarse y algunas veces hasta
callarse. Porque es mi rosa, en fin.
Y volvió con el zorro.
-Adiós -le dijo.
-Adiós -dijo el zorro-. He aquí mi secreto, que no puede ser más simple : sólo con el corazón se puede ver bien;
lo esencial es invisible para los ojos.
-Lo esencial es invisible para los ojos -repitió el principito para acordarse.
-Lo que hace más importante a tu rosa, es el tiempo que tú has perdido con ella.
-Es el tiempo que yo he perdido con ella... -repitió el principito para recordarlo.
-Los hombres han olvidado esta verdad -dijo el zorro-, pero tú no debes olvidarla. Eres responsable para siempre
de lo que has domesticado. Tú eres responsable de tu rosa...
-Yo soy responsable de mi rosa... -repitió el principito a fin de recordarlo
Chapter 21
It was then that the fox appeared.
"Good morning," said the fox.
"Good morning," the little prince responded politely, although when he turned around he saw nothing.
"I am right here," the voice said, "under the apple tree."
"Who are you?" asked the little prince, and added, "You are very pretty to look at."
"I am a fox," said the fox.
"Come and play with me," proposed the little prince. "I am so unhappy."
"I cannot play with you," the fox said. "I am not tamed."
"Ah! Please excuse me," said the little prince.
But, after some thought, he added:
"What does that mean-- 'tame'?"
"You do not live here," said the fox. "What is it that you are looking for?"
"I am looking for men," said the little prince. "What does that mean-- 'tame'?"
"Men," said the fox. "They have guns, and they hunt. It is very disturbing. They also raise chickens. These are their only interests. Are you looking for chickens?"
"No," said the little prince. "I am looking for friends. What does that mean-- 'tame'?"
"It is an act too often neglected," said the fox. It means to establish ties."
"'To establish ties'?"
"Just that," said the fox. "To me, you are still nothing more than a little boy who is just like a hundred thousand other little boys. And I have no need of you. And you, on your part, have no need of me. To you, I am nothing more than a fox like a hundred thousand other foxes. But if you tame me, then we shall need each other. To me, you will be unique in all the world. To you, I shall be unique in all the world..."
"I am beginning to understand," said the little prince. "There is a flower... I think that she has tamed me..."
"It is possible," said the fox. "On the Earth one sees all sorts of things."
"Oh, but this is not on the Earth!" said the little prince.
The fox seemed perplexed, and very curious.
"On another planet?"
"Yes."
"Are there hunters on this planet?"
"No."
"Ah, that is interesting! Are there chickens?"
"No."
"Nothing is perfect," sighed the fox.
But he came back to his idea.
"My life is very monotonous," the fox said. "I hunt chickens; men hunt me. All the chickens are just alike, and all the men are just alike. And, in consequence, I am a little bored. But if you tame me, it will be as if the sun came to shine on my life. I shall know the sound of a step that will be different from all the others. Other steps send me hurrying back underneath the ground. Yours will call me, like music, out of my burrow. And then look: you see the grain-fields down yonder? I do not eat bread. Wheat is of no use to me. The wheat fields have nothing to say to me. And that is sad. But you have hair that is the colour of gold. Think how wonderful that will be when you have tamed me! The grain, which is also golden, will bring me back the thought of you. And I shall love to listen to the wind in the wheat..."
The fox gazed at the little prince, for a long time.
"Please-- tame me!" he said.
"I want to, very much," the little prince replied. "But I have not much time. I have friends to discover, and a great many things to understand."
"One only understands the things that one tames," said the fox. "Men have no more time to understand anything. They buy things all ready made at the shops. But there is no shop anywhere where one can buy friendship, and so men have no friends any more. If you want a friend, tame me..."
"What must I do, to tame you?" asked the little prince.
"You must be very patient," replied the fox. "First you will sit down at a little distance from me-- like that-- in the grass. I shall look at you out of the corner of my eye, and you will say nothing. Words are the source of misunderstandings. But you will sit a little closer to me, every day..."
The next day the little prince came back.
"It would have been better to come back at the same hour," said the fox. "If, for example, you come at four o'clock in the afternoon, then at three o'clock I shall begin to be happy. I shall feel happier and happier as the hour advances. At four o'clock, I shall already be worrying and jumping about. I shall show you how happy I am! But if you come at just any time, I shall never know at what hour my heart is to be ready to greet you... One must observe the proper rites..."
"What is a rite?" asked the little prince.
"Those also are actions too often neglected," said the fox. "They are what make one day different from other days, one hour from other hours. There is a rite, for example, among my hunters. Every Thursday they dance with the village girls. So Thursday is a wonderful day for me! I can take a walk as far as the vineyards. But if the hunters danced at just any time, every day would be like every other day, and I should never have any vacation at all."
So the little prince tamed the fox. And when the hour of his departure drew near--
"Ah," said the fox, "I shall cry."
"It is your own fault," said the little prince. "I never wished you any sort of harm; but you wanted me to tame you..."
"Yes, that is so," said the fox.
"But now you are going to cry!" said the little prince.
"Yes, that is so," said the fox.
"Then it has done you no good at all!"
"It has done me good," said the fox, "because of the color of the wheat fields." And then he added:
"Go and look again at the roses. You will understand now that yours is unique in all the world. Then come back to say goodbye to me, and I will make you a present of a secret."
The little prince went away, to look again at the roses.
"You are not at all like my rose," he said. "As yet you are nothing. No one has tamed you, and you have tamed no one. You are like my fox when I first knew him. He was only a fox like a hundred thousand other foxes. But I have made him my friend, and now he is unique in all the world."
And the roses were very much embarassed.
"You are beautiful, but you are empty," he went on. "One could not die for you. To be sure, an ordinary passerby would think that my rose looked just like you-- the rose that belongs to me. But in herself alone she is more important than all the hundreds of you other roses: because it is she that I have watered; because it is she that I have put under the glass globe; because it is she that I have sheltered behind the screen; because it is for her that I have killed the caterpillars (except the two or three that we saved to become butterflies); because it is she that I have listened to, when she grumbled, or boasted, or ever sometimes when she said nothing. Because she is my rose.
And he went back to meet the fox.
"Goodbye," he said.
"Goodbye," said the fox. "And now here is my secret, a very simple secret: It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye."
"What is essential is invisible to the eye," the little prince repeated, so that he would be sure to remember.
"It is the time you have wasted for your rose that makes your rose so important."
"It is the time I have wasted for my rose--" said the little prince, so that he would be sure to remember.
"Men have forgotten this truth," said the fox. "But you must not forget it. You become responsible, forever, for what you have tamed. You are responsible for your rose..."
"I am responsible for my rose," the little prince repeated, so that he would be sure to remember.
The Little Prince (and my favourite chapter)
Capítulo 21
Entonces apareció el zorro:
-¡Buenos días! -dijo el zorro.
-¡Buenos días! -respondió cortésmente el principito que se
volvió pero no vío nada.
-Estoy aquí, bajo el manzano -díjo la voz.
-¿Quién eres tú? -preguntó el principito-. ¡Qué bonito eres!
-Soy un zorro -dijo el zorro.
-Ven a jugar conmigo -le propuso el principito-, ¡estoy tan triste!
-No puedo jugar contigo -dijo el zorro-, no estoy domesticado.
-¡Ah, perdón! -dijo el principito.
Pero después de una breve reflexión, añadió:
-¿Qué significa "domesticar"?
-Tú no eres de aquí -dijo el zorro- ¿qué buscas?
-Busco a los hombres -le respondió el principito-. ¿Qué significa "domesticar"?
-Los hombres -dijo el zorro- tienen escopetas y cazan. ¡Es muy molesto! Pero también crían gallinas. Es lo único
que les interesa. ¿Tú buscas gallinas?
-No -díjo el principito-. Busco amigos. ¿Qué significa "domesticar"? -volvió a preguntar el principito.
-Es una cosa ya olvidada -dijo el zorro-, significa "crear vínculos... "
-¿Crear vínculos?
-Efectivamente, verás -dijo el zorro-. Tú no eres para mí todavía más que un muchachito igual a otros cien mil
muchachitos y no te necesito para nada. Tampoco tú tienes necesidad de mí y no soy para ti más que un zorro
entre otros cien mil zorros semejantes. Pero si tú me domesticas, entonces tendremos necesidad el uno del
otro. Tú serás para mí único en el mundo, yo seré para ti único en el mundo...
-Comienzo a comprender -dijo el principito-. Hay una flor... creo que ella me ha domesticado...
-Es posible -concedió el zorro-, en la Tierra se ven todo tipo de cosas.
-¡Oh, no es en la Tierra! -exclamó el principito.
El zorro pareció intrigado:
-¿En otro planeta?
-Sí.
-¿Hay cazadores en ese planeta?
-No.
-¡Qué interesante! ¿Y gallinas?
-No.
-Nada es perfecto -suspiró el zorro.
Y después volviendo a su idea:
-Mi vida es muy monótona. Cazo gallinas y los hombres me cazan a mí. Todas las gallinas se parecen y todos
los hombres son iguales; por consiguiente me aburro un poco. Si tú me domesticas, mi vida estará llena de sól.
Conoceré el rumor de unos pasos diferentes a todos los demás. Los otros pasos me hacen esconder bajo la
tierra; los tuyos me llamarán fuera de la madriguera como una música. Y además, ¡mira! ¿Ves allá abajo los
campos de trigo? Yo no como pan y por lo tanto el trigo es para mí algo inútil. Los campos de trigo no me
recuerdan nada y eso me pone triste. ¡Pero tú tienes los cabellos dorados y será algo maravilloso cuando me
domestiques! El trigo, que es dorado también, será un recuerdo de ti. Y amaré el ruido del viento en el trigo.
El zorro se calló y miró un buen rato al principito:
-Por favor... domestícame -le dijo.
-Bien quisiera -le respondió el principito pero no tengo mucho tiempo. He de buscar amigos y conocer muchas
cosas.
-Sólo se conocen bien las cosas que se domestican -dijo el zorro-. Los hombres ya no fienen tiempo de conocer
nada. Lo compran todo hecho en las tiendas. Y como no hay tiendas donde vendan amigos, Ios hombres no
tienen ya amigos. ¡Si quieres un amigo, domestícame!
-¿Qué debo hacer? -preguntó el príncipito.
-Debes tener mucha paciencia -respondió el zorro-. Te sentarás al principio ún poco lejos de mí, así, en el suelo;
yo te miraré con el rabillo del ojo y tú no me dirás nada. El lenguaje es fuente de malos entendidos. Pero cada
día podrás sentarte un poco más cerca...
El principito volvió al día siguiente.
-Hubiera sido mejor -dijo el zorro- que vinieras a la misma hora. Si
vienes, por ejempló, a las cuatro de la tarde; desde las tres yo
empezaría a ser dichoso. Cuanto más avance la hora, más feliz
me sentiré. A las cuatro me sentiré agitado e inquieto, descubriré
así lo que vale la feliçidad. Pero si tú vienes a cualquier hora,
nunça sabré cuándo preparar mi corazón... Los ritos son
necesarios.
-¿Qué es un rito? -inquirió el principito.
-Es también algo demasiado olvidado -dijo el zorro-. Es lo que
hace que un día no se parezca a otro día y que una hora sea
diferente a otra.
Entre los cazadores, por ejemplo, hay un rito. Los jueves bailan con las muchachas del pueblo. Los jueves
entonces son días maravillosos en los que puedo ir de paseo hasta la viña. Si los cazadores no bailaran en día
fijo, todos los días se parecerían y yo no tendría vacaciones.
De esta manera el principito domesticó al zorro. Y cuando se fue acercando eI día de la partida:
-¡Ah! -dijo el zorro-, lloraré.
-Tuya es la culpa -le dijo el principito-, yo no quería hacerte daño, pero tú has querido que te domestique...
-Ciertamente -dijo el zorro.
- Y vas a llorar!, -dijo él principito.
-¡Seguro!
-No ganas nada.
-Gano -dijo el zoro- he ganado a causa del color del trigo.
Y luego añadió:
-Vete a ver las rosas; comprenderás que la tuya es única en el mundo. Volverás a decirme adiós y yo te regalaré
un secreto.
El principito se fue a ver las rosas a las que dijo:
-No son nada, ni en nada se parecen a mi rosa. Nadie las ha domesticado ni ustedes han domesticado a nadie.
Son como el zorro era antes, que en nada se diferenciaba de otros cien mil zorros. Pero yo le hice mi amigo y
ahora es único en el mundo.
Las rosas se sentían molestas oyendo al principito, que continuó diciéndoles:
-Son muy bellas, pero están vacías y nadie daría la vida por ustedes. Cualquiera que las vea podrá creer
indudablemente que mí rosa es igual que cualquiera de ustedes. Pero ella se sabe más importante que todas,
porque yo la he regado, porque ha sido a ella a la que abrigué con el fanal, porque yo le maté los gusanos (salvo
dos o tres que se hicieron mariposas ) y es a ella a la que yo he oído quejarse, alabarse y algunas veces hasta
callarse. Porque es mi rosa, en fin.
Y volvió con el zorro.
-Adiós -le dijo.
-Adiós -dijo el zorro-. He aquí mi secreto, que no puede ser más simple : sólo con el corazón se puede ver bien;
lo esencial es invisible para los ojos.
-Lo esencial es invisible para los ojos -repitió el principito para acordarse.
-Lo que hace más importante a tu rosa, es el tiempo que tú has perdido con ella.
-Es el tiempo que yo he perdido con ella... -repitió el principito para recordarlo.
-Los hombres han olvidado esta verdad -dijo el zorro-, pero tú no debes olvidarla. Eres responsable para siempre
de lo que has domesticado. Tú eres responsable de tu rosa...
-Yo soy responsable de mi rosa... -repitió el principito a fin de recordarlo
Chapter 21
It was then that the fox appeared.
"Good morning," said the fox.
"Good morning," the little prince responded politely, although when he turned around he saw nothing.
"I am right here," the voice said, "under the apple tree."
"Who are you?" asked the little prince, and added, "You are very pretty to look at."
"I am a fox," said the fox.
"Come and play with me," proposed the little prince. "I am so unhappy."
"I cannot play with you," the fox said. "I am not tamed."
"Ah! Please excuse me," said the little prince.
But, after some thought, he added:
"What does that mean-- 'tame'?"
"You do not live here," said the fox. "What is it that you are looking for?"
"I am looking for men," said the little prince. "What does that mean-- 'tame'?"
"Men," said the fox. "They have guns, and they hunt. It is very disturbing. They also raise chickens. These are their only interests. Are you looking for chickens?"
"No," said the little prince. "I am looking for friends. What does that mean-- 'tame'?"
"It is an act too often neglected," said the fox. It means to establish ties."
"'To establish ties'?"
"Just that," said the fox. "To me, you are still nothing more than a little boy who is just like a hundred thousand other little boys. And I have no need of you. And you, on your part, have no need of me. To you, I am nothing more than a fox like a hundred thousand other foxes. But if you tame me, then we shall need each other. To me, you will be unique in all the world. To you, I shall be unique in all the world..."
"I am beginning to understand," said the little prince. "There is a flower... I think that she has tamed me..."
"It is possible," said the fox. "On the Earth one sees all sorts of things."
"Oh, but this is not on the Earth!" said the little prince.
The fox seemed perplexed, and very curious.
"On another planet?"
"Yes."
"Are there hunters on this planet?"
"No."
"Ah, that is interesting! Are there chickens?"
"No."
"Nothing is perfect," sighed the fox.
But he came back to his idea.
"My life is very monotonous," the fox said. "I hunt chickens; men hunt me. All the chickens are just alike, and all the men are just alike. And, in consequence, I am a little bored. But if you tame me, it will be as if the sun came to shine on my life. I shall know the sound of a step that will be different from all the others. Other steps send me hurrying back underneath the ground. Yours will call me, like music, out of my burrow. And then look: you see the grain-fields down yonder? I do not eat bread. Wheat is of no use to me. The wheat fields have nothing to say to me. And that is sad. But you have hair that is the colour of gold. Think how wonderful that will be when you have tamed me! The grain, which is also golden, will bring me back the thought of you. And I shall love to listen to the wind in the wheat..."
The fox gazed at the little prince, for a long time.
"Please-- tame me!" he said.
"I want to, very much," the little prince replied. "But I have not much time. I have friends to discover, and a great many things to understand."
"One only understands the things that one tames," said the fox. "Men have no more time to understand anything. They buy things all ready made at the shops. But there is no shop anywhere where one can buy friendship, and so men have no friends any more. If you want a friend, tame me..."
"What must I do, to tame you?" asked the little prince.
"You must be very patient," replied the fox. "First you will sit down at a little distance from me-- like that-- in the grass. I shall look at you out of the corner of my eye, and you will say nothing. Words are the source of misunderstandings. But you will sit a little closer to me, every day..."
The next day the little prince came back.
"It would have been better to come back at the same hour," said the fox. "If, for example, you come at four o'clock in the afternoon, then at three o'clock I shall begin to be happy. I shall feel happier and happier as the hour advances. At four o'clock, I shall already be worrying and jumping about. I shall show you how happy I am! But if you come at just any time, I shall never know at what hour my heart is to be ready to greet you... One must observe the proper rites..."
"What is a rite?" asked the little prince.
"Those also are actions too often neglected," said the fox. "They are what make one day different from other days, one hour from other hours. There is a rite, for example, among my hunters. Every Thursday they dance with the village girls. So Thursday is a wonderful day for me! I can take a walk as far as the vineyards. But if the hunters danced at just any time, every day would be like every other day, and I should never have any vacation at all."
So the little prince tamed the fox. And when the hour of his departure drew near--
"Ah," said the fox, "I shall cry."
"It is your own fault," said the little prince. "I never wished you any sort of harm; but you wanted me to tame you..."
"Yes, that is so," said the fox.
"But now you are going to cry!" said the little prince.
"Yes, that is so," said the fox.
"Then it has done you no good at all!"
"It has done me good," said the fox, "because of the color of the wheat fields." And then he added:
"Go and look again at the roses. You will understand now that yours is unique in all the world. Then come back to say goodbye to me, and I will make you a present of a secret."
The little prince went away, to look again at the roses.
"You are not at all like my rose," he said. "As yet you are nothing. No one has tamed you, and you have tamed no one. You are like my fox when I first knew him. He was only a fox like a hundred thousand other foxes. But I have made him my friend, and now he is unique in all the world."
And the roses were very much embarassed.
"You are beautiful, but you are empty," he went on. "One could not die for you. To be sure, an ordinary passerby would think that my rose looked just like you-- the rose that belongs to me. But in herself alone she is more important than all the hundreds of you other roses: because it is she that I have watered; because it is she that I have put under the glass globe; because it is she that I have sheltered behind the screen; because it is for her that I have killed the caterpillars (except the two or three that we saved to become butterflies); because it is she that I have listened to, when she grumbled, or boasted, or ever sometimes when she said nothing. Because she is my rose.
And he went back to meet the fox.
"Goodbye," he said.
"Goodbye," said the fox. "And now here is my secret, a very simple secret: It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye."
"What is essential is invisible to the eye," the little prince repeated, so that he would be sure to remember.
"It is the time you have wasted for your rose that makes your rose so important."
"It is the time I have wasted for my rose--" said the little prince, so that he would be sure to remember.
"Men have forgotten this truth," said the fox. "But you must not forget it. You become responsible, forever, for what you have tamed. You are responsible for your rose..."
"I am responsible for my rose," the little prince repeated, so that he would be sure to remember.
Friday, 25 June 2010
La belleza. The Beauty.
La belleza.
Concepto abstracto y a la vez real, una de esas nociones con modo dual. Podemos recurrir a una definición de diccionario y en cualquier lengua todos coincidirán que se refiere al aspecto físico de una persona y la reunión de ciertas características.
Es cierto a primera vista. La belleza se refiere a aquellas características que percibimos en alguien desde los sentidos, siendo el principal en este campo la vista.
Sin embargo, no todos poseemos los mismos cánones, estándares, patrones respecto de esta noción. Para algunos será bello aquello que para otros puede simplemente no serlo y viceversa.
Sucede que la belleza es un valor y como todo valor depende de la apreciación de quien realice esa valoración. Si bien podemos hablar en términos teóricos de una valoración objetiva, lo cierto es que con vocablos valorativos como belleza es imposible deslindar la subjetividad.
Distinto es el caso si estamos de acuerdo en llamar bello a aquello que reúna una serie de requisitos pre determinados o acordados. Pero, en este caso, la valoración no será objetiva in se sino menos subjetiva por cuanto de todas maneras los elementos necesarios para llamar a algo bello han sido pre acordados por varios sujetos (varias subjetividades en un acuerdo).
Así, en determinada cultura puede considerarse bello el hecho de poseer ojos de color claro (occidente por ejemplo) mientras que en otras puede ser incluso símbolo de mala suerte (Pakistán).
De la misma forma que los rasgos físicos pueden ser valorados positiva o negativamente por distintas personas en diversas situaciones, lo son también las características intrínsecas (personalidad, sentido del humor, actitud respecto de otros, etc.).
Incluso, alguien considerado intrínsecamente bello por otro individuo puede ser considerado completamente lo contrario en el aspecto externo (también a la inversa). Parece obvio pero es dable subrayar que la belleza interna y la externa pueden tener relación mas no es ésta una relación necesaria por lo que bello intrínseco no implica necesariamente bello extrínseco y viceversa.
Ahora bien, hasta aquí el término belleza aplicado a la relación intersubjetiva (entre sujetos, seres humanos). Exactamente el mismo análisis puede hacerse respecto de objetos, acciones, omisiones, circunstancias, etc.
De suyo, un paisaje puede ser bello en un momento dado para una pareja de recién casados (valoración subjetiva de común acuerdo entre dos sujetos) mas años después ese mismo pasaje puede ser estimado disvalioso por uno o ambos integrantes de esa misma pareja que ahora está separada. En el caso ejemplificado, una circunstancia externa produjo el cambio en la valoración; pero esta circunstancia es de ninguna manera necesaria; la pareja podría perfectamente aun estar felizmente unida y sin embargo considerar ese mismo paisaje de forma disvaliosa. Como se adelantara, el mismo principio es aplicable a todo aquello que nos rodea, conocido o desconocido, tangible o intangible, desde un puro pensamiento hasta una obra de arte, desde una galaxia lejana hasta una ameba siempre y cuando estemos realizando un juicio valorativo y el valor en cuestión sea la belleza.
Ideal de belleza: Todos y cada uno tenemos un ideal de belleza en lo intrínseco y en lo exterior, en lo que hace a nosotros mismos, nuestra pareja, pares, sociedad, objetos, actitudes, etc. Asimismo, al encontrarnos viviendo en sociedad la comunidad poseerá valoraciones comunes respecto del aspecto físico, personalidad, interrelación con los demás, lugares, objetos, etc. En nuestra individualidad podemos o no ser influidos por los juicios de valor colectivo. De poco importa a los fines de este ensayo. Lo destacable nuevamente es el hecho que el ideal de belleza será tan subjetivo como cada uno de los juicios valorativos que hagamos en relación a este valor. Y ese estándar podrá permanecer intangible en la comunidad o en la individualidad por tiempo indeterminado (casi efímero o acompañarnos por el resto de nuestros días terrenos).
Lo fundamental es el carácter de subjetivo que en definitiva posee un valor como el de la belleza. Sin embargo, considero que en especiales circunstancias se dan casos paradigmáticos donde la comunidad o humanidad toda puede coincidir en valorar como bella una persona, actitud, objeto, lugar, hecho, acto o circunstancia. Es entonces que estamos en presencia de héroes, íconos, momentos y/o personalidades que dejan su huella en la historia.
The beauty
Abstract concept and the real time one of these concepts with dual mode. We can use a dictionary definition and in any language will agree that refers to a person's physical appearance and the meeting of certain features.
Certainly at first sight. Beauty refers to those characteristics we see in someone from the senses, the main view in this field.
However, not all have the same fees, standards, patterns on this notion. For some that will be beautiful for others it may simply not be and vice versa.
It turns out that beauty is a value as any value depends on the discretion of those who make such an assessment. While we speak in theoretical terms of an objective assessment, the truth is that evaluative words like beauty is impossible to separate the subjectivity.
Unlike the case if we agree to call beautiful that which meets a set of predetermined requirements or agreed. But in this case, the ratings are not objective but less subjective in it anyway because the elements necessary to call something beautiful have been pre agreed upon by several individuals (multiple subjectivities in an agreement).
Thus, in a given culture can be considered the possession of beautiful eye color (the West for example) while others may even be a symbol of bad luck (Pakistan).
In the same way that physical traits can be evaluated positively or negatively by different people in different situations, so too are the intrinsic characteristics (personality, sense of humor, attitude towards others, etc..).
Even someone considered inherently beautiful in another individual can be considered quite the opposite in outward appearance (also reversed). It seems obvious but it can be noted that the inner and outer beauty may be related but this is not a necessary relationship so beautiful beautiful does not necessarily intrinsic extrinsic and vice versa.
But here the term beauty applied to the intersubjective relationship (between subjects, humans). Exactly the same analysis can be done about objects, actions, omissions, conditions, etc..
In itself, a landscape can be beautiful at any given time for a newlywed couple (subjective assessment of agreement between two subjects) plus years later that disvalioso passage can be estimated by one or both members of that couple is now separately. In the case illustrated, an external circumstance produced the change in the valuation, but this circumstance is in no way necessary, the couple might well still be happily together and yet take the same form disvaliosa landscape. As advanced, the same principle applies to everything around us, known or unknown, tangible or intangible, from a pure thought into a work of art, from a distant galaxy to an amoeba long as we're making a value judgments and the value in question is the beauty.
Ideal Beauty: Every one we have an ideal of beauty in the intrinsic and external, in regard to ourselves, our spouses, peers, society, objects, attitudes. Also, find ourselves living in society the community will own joint assessments on physical appearance, personality, interaction with other people, places, objects, etc. In our individuality we may or may not be influenced by the collective value judgments. Of little importance for the purposes of this essay. The remarkable thing again is the fact that the ideal of beauty is so subjective as each of us to make value judgments in relation to this value. And that standard may remain untouchable in the community or individuality indefinitely (almost ephemeral or join us for the rest of our days on earth).
The key is the subjective nature ultimately has a value such as beauty. However, consider that special circumstances exist in typical cases where the community or humanity as a whole can agree on fair value as a person, attitude, object, place, event, act or circumstance. It is then that we are in the presence of heroes, icons, time and / or persons who leave their mark on history.
(translated using Google translate)
Concepto abstracto y a la vez real, una de esas nociones con modo dual. Podemos recurrir a una definición de diccionario y en cualquier lengua todos coincidirán que se refiere al aspecto físico de una persona y la reunión de ciertas características.
Es cierto a primera vista. La belleza se refiere a aquellas características que percibimos en alguien desde los sentidos, siendo el principal en este campo la vista.
Sin embargo, no todos poseemos los mismos cánones, estándares, patrones respecto de esta noción. Para algunos será bello aquello que para otros puede simplemente no serlo y viceversa.
Sucede que la belleza es un valor y como todo valor depende de la apreciación de quien realice esa valoración. Si bien podemos hablar en términos teóricos de una valoración objetiva, lo cierto es que con vocablos valorativos como belleza es imposible deslindar la subjetividad.
Distinto es el caso si estamos de acuerdo en llamar bello a aquello que reúna una serie de requisitos pre determinados o acordados. Pero, en este caso, la valoración no será objetiva in se sino menos subjetiva por cuanto de todas maneras los elementos necesarios para llamar a algo bello han sido pre acordados por varios sujetos (varias subjetividades en un acuerdo).
Así, en determinada cultura puede considerarse bello el hecho de poseer ojos de color claro (occidente por ejemplo) mientras que en otras puede ser incluso símbolo de mala suerte (Pakistán).
De la misma forma que los rasgos físicos pueden ser valorados positiva o negativamente por distintas personas en diversas situaciones, lo son también las características intrínsecas (personalidad, sentido del humor, actitud respecto de otros, etc.).
Incluso, alguien considerado intrínsecamente bello por otro individuo puede ser considerado completamente lo contrario en el aspecto externo (también a la inversa). Parece obvio pero es dable subrayar que la belleza interna y la externa pueden tener relación mas no es ésta una relación necesaria por lo que bello intrínseco no implica necesariamente bello extrínseco y viceversa.
Ahora bien, hasta aquí el término belleza aplicado a la relación intersubjetiva (entre sujetos, seres humanos). Exactamente el mismo análisis puede hacerse respecto de objetos, acciones, omisiones, circunstancias, etc.
De suyo, un paisaje puede ser bello en un momento dado para una pareja de recién casados (valoración subjetiva de común acuerdo entre dos sujetos) mas años después ese mismo pasaje puede ser estimado disvalioso por uno o ambos integrantes de esa misma pareja que ahora está separada. En el caso ejemplificado, una circunstancia externa produjo el cambio en la valoración; pero esta circunstancia es de ninguna manera necesaria; la pareja podría perfectamente aun estar felizmente unida y sin embargo considerar ese mismo paisaje de forma disvaliosa. Como se adelantara, el mismo principio es aplicable a todo aquello que nos rodea, conocido o desconocido, tangible o intangible, desde un puro pensamiento hasta una obra de arte, desde una galaxia lejana hasta una ameba siempre y cuando estemos realizando un juicio valorativo y el valor en cuestión sea la belleza.
Ideal de belleza: Todos y cada uno tenemos un ideal de belleza en lo intrínseco y en lo exterior, en lo que hace a nosotros mismos, nuestra pareja, pares, sociedad, objetos, actitudes, etc. Asimismo, al encontrarnos viviendo en sociedad la comunidad poseerá valoraciones comunes respecto del aspecto físico, personalidad, interrelación con los demás, lugares, objetos, etc. En nuestra individualidad podemos o no ser influidos por los juicios de valor colectivo. De poco importa a los fines de este ensayo. Lo destacable nuevamente es el hecho que el ideal de belleza será tan subjetivo como cada uno de los juicios valorativos que hagamos en relación a este valor. Y ese estándar podrá permanecer intangible en la comunidad o en la individualidad por tiempo indeterminado (casi efímero o acompañarnos por el resto de nuestros días terrenos).
Lo fundamental es el carácter de subjetivo que en definitiva posee un valor como el de la belleza. Sin embargo, considero que en especiales circunstancias se dan casos paradigmáticos donde la comunidad o humanidad toda puede coincidir en valorar como bella una persona, actitud, objeto, lugar, hecho, acto o circunstancia. Es entonces que estamos en presencia de héroes, íconos, momentos y/o personalidades que dejan su huella en la historia.
The beauty
Abstract concept and the real time one of these concepts with dual mode. We can use a dictionary definition and in any language will agree that refers to a person's physical appearance and the meeting of certain features.
Certainly at first sight. Beauty refers to those characteristics we see in someone from the senses, the main view in this field.
However, not all have the same fees, standards, patterns on this notion. For some that will be beautiful for others it may simply not be and vice versa.
It turns out that beauty is a value as any value depends on the discretion of those who make such an assessment. While we speak in theoretical terms of an objective assessment, the truth is that evaluative words like beauty is impossible to separate the subjectivity.
Unlike the case if we agree to call beautiful that which meets a set of predetermined requirements or agreed. But in this case, the ratings are not objective but less subjective in it anyway because the elements necessary to call something beautiful have been pre agreed upon by several individuals (multiple subjectivities in an agreement).
Thus, in a given culture can be considered the possession of beautiful eye color (the West for example) while others may even be a symbol of bad luck (Pakistan).
In the same way that physical traits can be evaluated positively or negatively by different people in different situations, so too are the intrinsic characteristics (personality, sense of humor, attitude towards others, etc..).
Even someone considered inherently beautiful in another individual can be considered quite the opposite in outward appearance (also reversed). It seems obvious but it can be noted that the inner and outer beauty may be related but this is not a necessary relationship so beautiful beautiful does not necessarily intrinsic extrinsic and vice versa.
But here the term beauty applied to the intersubjective relationship (between subjects, humans). Exactly the same analysis can be done about objects, actions, omissions, conditions, etc..
In itself, a landscape can be beautiful at any given time for a newlywed couple (subjective assessment of agreement between two subjects) plus years later that disvalioso passage can be estimated by one or both members of that couple is now separately. In the case illustrated, an external circumstance produced the change in the valuation, but this circumstance is in no way necessary, the couple might well still be happily together and yet take the same form disvaliosa landscape. As advanced, the same principle applies to everything around us, known or unknown, tangible or intangible, from a pure thought into a work of art, from a distant galaxy to an amoeba long as we're making a value judgments and the value in question is the beauty.
Ideal Beauty: Every one we have an ideal of beauty in the intrinsic and external, in regard to ourselves, our spouses, peers, society, objects, attitudes. Also, find ourselves living in society the community will own joint assessments on physical appearance, personality, interaction with other people, places, objects, etc. In our individuality we may or may not be influenced by the collective value judgments. Of little importance for the purposes of this essay. The remarkable thing again is the fact that the ideal of beauty is so subjective as each of us to make value judgments in relation to this value. And that standard may remain untouchable in the community or individuality indefinitely (almost ephemeral or join us for the rest of our days on earth).
The key is the subjective nature ultimately has a value such as beauty. However, consider that special circumstances exist in typical cases where the community or humanity as a whole can agree on fair value as a person, attitude, object, place, event, act or circumstance. It is then that we are in the presence of heroes, icons, time and / or persons who leave their mark on history.
(translated using Google translate)
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